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Maximum takeoff mass is the maximum mass limit authorized for an aircraft when beginning takeoff under the conditions of its certification. It is commonly shown as MTOM or MTOW in technical documentation.
Reviewed 05.10.2026 · Version 2 · Scope: General
It includes the aircraft and the items it carries. The certified limit does not replace any performance, balance, or operating restrictions that may apply under particular conditions.
Hypothetical example: adding the aircraft, fuel, occupants, and baggage gives a takeoff mass that must be interpreted using the relevant documentation. Being below a general limit does not by itself establish that an operation is viable.
It helps compare aircraft categories and interpret specifications by distinguishing a certified limit from an actual mass.
It is neither payload nor empty mass. Although MTOW contains the English word “weight,” specifications may express the figure as a mass in kg.
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